Compte-rendu de la séance film et débat consacrée à Jean Zay le 6 mars 2023

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Lundi 6 mars 2023 l’ADVR a consacré une séance à Jean Zay ministre de l’Education nationale et des Beaux-Arts du Front populaire. C’est une figure de la Résistance qui est longtemps restée trop peu connue. Certes, Jean Zay est entré au Panthéon en 2015 aux côtés de Pierre Brossolette, Geneviève de Gaulle-Antonioz, Germaine Tillion, et cette cérémonie a permis d’évoquer son personnage à sa juste valeur. Mais depuis, le temps a passé et il nous a semblé intéressant de nous arrêter sur sa personnalité et son œuvre à travers le film de Catherine Bernstein : « Jean Zay, un crime français » et l’intervention, pour le débat qui a suivi le film, d’Hélène Mouchard-Zay, sa fille, fondatrice du Cercil (Centre d’études et de recherches sur les camps d’internement du Loiret) installé à Orléans, et qui est une réalisation remarquable.

Jean Zay a modernisé l’enseignement, il a introduit le sport à l’école, prolongé la scolarité jusqu’à 14 ans(1), créé l’ENA pour démocratiser le recrutement dans la haute fonction publique, créé les Crous ( Centres régionaux des oeuvres universitaires), le CNRS. Mais il a aussi, en tant que ministre des Beaux-Arts, de belles réalisations à son actif comme le musée d’Art moderne, le musée des Arts et Traditions populaires, le festival de Cannes. Certes la première édition du festival de Cannes n’a pu se tenir à cause de la guerre, mais on sait ce qu’il est devenu par la suite, et surtout il avait pour rôle de ne pas laisser la culture cinématographique sous contrôle du fascisme italien qui organisait le seul festival international de cinéma de l’époque.

Député radical-socialiste du Loiret à 27 ans, engagé volontaire à la déclaration de guerre, après l’armistice il s’embarque avec d’autres parlementaires sur le Massilia pour continuer la guerre dans l’Empire. Arrêté à son arrivée au Maroc, il est jugé pour « désertion devant l’ennemi » et condamné à la déportation à vie. Comme Dreyfus!

Il est finalement emprisonné en France durant toute la guerre et le 20 juin 1944, extrait de sa cellule par des miliciens il est assassiné.

On peut se demander pourquoi un tel acharnement contre un homme courageux tel que Jean Zay. Hélène Mouchard-Zay nous a donné quelques pistes. Né d’un père juif et d’une mère protestante, il n’était donc pas juif en tant que tel, d’autant plus que sa famille était absolument laïque. Héléne nous a expliqué l’origine de la haine déclenchée à son encontre. Certes il était Franc-maçon, ancien ministre du Front populaire, de gauche, mais surtout il était considéré comme « juif caché» ou «juif intégré» par l’extrême droite française et le régime de Pétain pour qui ces personnes étaient jugées les plus dangereuses, parce que pas ou peu visibles.

Ce 6 mars, la salle était pleine et tout le monde en a apprécié la richesse et son atmosphère chaleureuse.

(1) En 1937Jean zay a inauguré le luxueux lycée Hélène Boucher (seul lycée de filles de l’Est parisien et de la banlieue proche) construit par le Front populaire dans lequel, chaque année, nous organisons nos rencontres de témoignages sur la période de la Seconde guerre depuis plus de 25 ans

Photos : Miguel Vallecillo Mata

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