Vendredi 28 mai 2021 : cérémonie au Père-Lachaise devant le Mur des Fédérés

Vendredi 28 mai, 150 ans jour pur jour  après la fin des combats de la Commune, l’ADVR a organisé  une cérémonie au Père-Lachaise devant le Mur des Fédérés à la mémoire  de ceux qui se sont levés pour construire un monde plus juste. Leurs espoirs ont été repris par les résistants et concrétisés par le programme du CNR, « Les jours heureux ». C’est cette filiation entre fédérés et résistants que nous voulions souligner par notre action. Après avoir déposé une gerbe à la mémoire de  nos camarades de 1871, nous sommes allés déposer une gerbe sur la tombe de Robert Chambeiron qui repose à quelques mètres de ce haut lieu de Mémoire.

Allocution de Yves Blondeau, secrétaire général de l’ADVR, le 28 mai 2021 au Père-Lachaise, lors du 150° anniversaire de la Commune.
Chers amis de l’ADVR c’est un plaisir de pouvoir se retrouver, enfin, pour une action commune autour des valeurs qui nous sont chères. Voilà plus d’un an que notre association n’a pas pu mener la moindre action collective. L a dernière action de l’ADVR a en effet été la rencontre entre élèves et témoins au lycée Hélène Boucher, le 6 mars 2020, à la veille du premier confinement.

Lorsque nous avons décidé de faire quelque chose pour commémorer le 150° anniversaire de la Commune, anniversaire qui mérite particulièrement d’être célébré, l’idée est venue naturellement de nous retrouver devant le Mur des Fédérés. Mais, si individuellement nous l’avons souvent fait avec les Amis de la Commune et les partis politiques de gauche, l’ADVR en tant qu’association liée à la Résistance avait-elle légitimité à le faire?

Si nos liens avec la Résistance sont forcément évidents, les liens entre la Commune et la Résistance le sont-ils autant? Les contextes historiques entre les deux événements méritent que l’on s’y arrête. Dans les deux cas les mouvements commencent après un effondrement militaire catastrophique, inattendu et humiliant. Les généraux ne disaient-il pas à Napoléon III « il ne manque pas un bouton aux guêtres de nos soldats », les dirigeants politique de 1939 ne disaient-ils pas « nous vaincrons parce que nous sommes les plus forts », « nous avons la meilleure armée du monde »!

Dans les deux cas c’est le même ennemi qui écrase la France, le 3° Reich en 1940, les Prussiens devenus Allemands lorsque Guillaume roi de Prusse se fait couronner empereur
d’Allemagne dans la galerie des glaces à Versailles, en janvier 1871, réalisant ainsi l’unité allemande. Dans les deux cas des gouvernements de capitulation, contre la volonté des patriotes, cèdent l’Alsace-Moselle aux Allemands.
Ces gouvernements de capitulation ont aussi accepté l’occupation d’une large partie du pays (ce sera à chaque fois pour 5 ans!). De même, Thiers, comme Pétain, payent de lourdes indemnités de guerre: 5 milliards de francs-or en 1871, 400 millions de francs par jour en 1940, qui contribueront à appauvrir la France.
Voilà des faits, et on peut continuer. Versailles ou Vichy, des gouvernements installés à l’écart de la capitale; Versailles ou Vichy, des gouvernements qui massacrent par milliers les plus nobles de leurs fils; Versailles comme Vichy auxquels l’Allemagne octroie des troupes pour maintenir l’ordre: une « armée de l’armistice » de 100 000 hommes en zone sud en 1940, 100 000 prisonniers libérés par Guillaume premier pour reconquérir Paris en 1871… Mais le plus important est la similitude des aspirations des communards et des résistants. D’abord, une grande ambition éducative. Les communards veulent une école laïque, obligatoire et gratuite, le CNR demande un enseignement secondaire et supérieur accessible à tous grâce à un système de bourses. Les communards veulent un Etat débarrassé de l’influence de l’Eglise, le CNR veut instituer une République laïque.
On doit d’ailleurs souligner que ces idées-forces des communards ont été mises en oeuvre par la république bourgeoise qui les écrasa, à peine plus de 10 ans après la Semaine sanglante (et par un anti-communard acharné, Jules Ferry) en ce qui concerne l’école, et en 1905 pour la séparation des Eglises et de l’Etat!
Mais plus que ces exemples précis, c’est leur philosophie politique qui rassemble ces deux mouvements historiques. Tous deux aspirent à ce que leurs luttes et leurs sacrifices permettent de fonder un monde meilleur, plus égalitaire et plus juste. Si les communards échouent, et à quel prix, les résistants réalisent ce rêve, mais à quel prix aussi, avec « Les
jours heureux ».
Si, donc, les résistants sont les frères de combat des communards, leurs camarades, les communard sont alors aussi nos frères, nos camardes… Et le travail que nous menons pour faire connaître les valeurs de la Résistance contribue aussi à faire connaître les espoirs, les rêves, pour lesquels nos aînés de 1871 se sont sacrifiés. Mais, pour nous, ce n’est pas tout ce qui rapproche les communards des résistants, car à quelques mètres à peine de ce mur si chargé d’histoire et près des tombes d’Eugène
Pottier, de Jean-Baptiste Clément, repose notre ami, fondateur de l’ADVR, notre camarade Robert Chambeiron, juste reconnaissance du lien qui les unit. C’est aussi une juste reconnaissance de la part du Parti communiste qui l’a accueilli dans son tombeau officiel pour honorer l’inlassable combattant de la justice sociale qu’il fut jusqu’à son dernier souffle.

Trois photos de ces cérémonies.
Les participants pendant l’allocution d’Y. Blondeau, secrétaire général de l’ADVR
Danielle Chambeiron, présidente de l’ADVR et Katherine Courjaret, trésorière, après le dépôt de gerbe sous la plaque rendant hommage aux morts de la Commune.
Danielle Chambeiron et Marie-Françoise Bechtel (qui a publié chez Fayard un livre d’entretiens « Robert Chambeiron résistant », après le dépôt de gerbe sur la tombe où il repose.
 
(Photos A. Gruska)

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